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What Is Fluid Coupling?

A fluid coupling or fluid coupling is a fluid power or “fluid power” device used to transmit rotating mechanical power. It has been used in automotive transmissions as a replacement for mechanical clutches.

It is also widely used in marine and industrial machine drives, where variable speed operation and controlled starting without the shock loads of the power transmission system are essential. A hydrodynamic drive should be distinguished from a hydrostatic drive, such as a hydraulic pump and motor combination.

Fluid couplings are torque transmission couplings that use hydraulic oil or water to transmit power. They differ from torque converters in that input torque equals output torque (no torque multiplication).

Fluid couplings are much more efficient than torque converters, typically with only 2-4% losses. Fluid couplings provide mild acceleration control, torque limiting power, load sharing control, and variable torque/speed control.

The law of constant power still applies, but the power in the driven load decreases with speed. The difference between input and output power is the power loss dissipated in the coupling.

Specifications

A fluid coupling consists of two impellers facing each other but not in physical contact. The pump impeller or drive turbine is connected to the drive mechanism. The turbine wheel is connected to the driven machine.

Power is transmitted hydraulically in a wear-free manner. The higher the input speed, the more mechanical energy is transferred from the blades on the impeller to the edges of the turbine. The only connecting element between the double impellers is the fluid in the working circuit for the fluid coupling.

During machine startup, the amount of fluid in the coupling can be varied to control machine startup behavior and the amount of power delivered. Fluid power units can help extend equipment life by suppressing torsional vibration and driveline shock.

What Are The Types Of Fluid Couplings?

In practice, there are two types of fluid couplings; constant filling, in which the oil filling is fixed, and variable filling, also known as variable speed, in which the amount of oil in the working circuit can be changed during operation to control the impeller and The amount of slip between the runners to achieve speed regulation.

Variable fill fluid couplings also provide a means of decoupling the machine from its drive and are widely used in conveyor drives to accurately control the torque applied during acceleration and achieve load balancing using external controls.